Stack and calling convention questions

Hey all-


I'm trying to understand better the assembly created by the compiler
for my C++ programs, especially the differences in the various calling
conventions. I understand why a function like printf() or main()
needs to be cdecl, but under what circumstances would I want to
deliberately make a function fastcall? Thus, I'm trying to use the
assembly output to glean some more information, but I'm a bit stuck at
what I'm looking at; I'm not confused about the assembly output
itself, I'm just wondering why it's doing some of the things it does
(like, why have an xor eax,eax *after* the program returns?) I'm
sticking with a super duper simple example:


int foo(int x);


int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  int x,y;


  y = 3;


  x = foo(y);
  return 0;
}


int foo(int x)
{
  return ++x;
}


Anyway, if anyone knows of any good books or websites to examine, I
would greatly appreciate it.


Thelonious

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