Visual Languages Workshop

Saw this on a local bboard...


;-D on ( Forwarding Pointers ) Pardo




Next month, the UW is hosting the International Workshop on Visual
Languages. The previous workshop was held last year in Kobe, Japan, and
the next one will be held in 1993 in Bergen, Norway. By coincidence, both
of these cities are "sister" cities of Seattle!


Note that there is a reduced registration rate for full-time students. If
you have any questions about the meeting, feel free to send me email.


Among the multitude of technical attractions on the program, we are
planning to have complimentary lattes during the morning coffee periods
and during the poster sessions!


Steve Tanimoto
Program Chair and Workshop Organizer, VL'92


...................................
Announcement and
.........Advance Program.........




VL '92


1992 IEEE Computer Society International
Workshop on Visual Languages




September 15 - 18, 1992


University of Washington
Seattle, Washington




Sponsored by the
IEEE Computer Society Task Force on Multimedia Computing




....................................
International Workshop on Visual Languages




Visual languages are finding increasingly widespread application in
human/computer interfaces for programming, learning, design, medical
diagnosis, communication, robotics, and scientific research. In addition,
today visual languages are expanding in dimension to embrace the
technologies of virtual reality, multimedia, and pen-based computing, to
name just a few. The rapid advance in these areas intensifies the need
for effective new visual languages for the design of applications that use
these technologies. This workshop will bring together a diverse group of
researchers and developers to explore future directions for interactive
visual languages, as well as to share experiences and accomplishments.
The program will provide a mix of formal and informal presentations,
panels, discussion periods and demonstrations, as well as social
activities that will promote human-to-human interaction and make the
entire experience an exciting and pleasurable one.




Program Committee Members:
Alan Borning, University of Washington
William Bricken, Washington Technological Center
Marc Brown, Digital Equipment Corporation
Margaret Burnett, Michigan Technological University
S.-K. Chang, University of Pittsburgh
Luigi Cinque, University of Rome
Ephraim Glinert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Masahito Hirakawa, Hiroshima University
Erland Jungert, National Defense Research Institute, Sweden
Elod Knuth, Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Ron MacNeil, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Catalin Roman, Washington University
David Stotts, University of Florida


General Chair: T. Ichikawa, Hiroshima University
Program Chair: Steven Tanimoto, University of Washington
Tutorials Chair: Margaret Burnett, Michigan Technological University


****************************************************************
TUTORIALS


TRACK I: Visual Programming Languages
This track is comprised of a mini-set of two tutorials, each of which acts
as a complement to the other. Attendees can benefit from taking either
alone, or both. No prior knowledge of visual programming languages is
required for either.


---------------------------------------
TUTORIAL 1: Visual Programming Environments and Graphical Interfaces:
Where We Are Now, Where We're Headed
Ephraim Glinert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
9:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon, Tuesday, September 15


It is now universally accepted that graphics should play a central role in
the human-computer interface alongside text. But what role? "Visual
programming" refers to the use of graphics to define or to help define
programs. It would be premature to claim that visual environments hold
the key to the solution of the programmer's problems. Nevertheless, the
past decade has witnessed the accumulation of an impressive body of
evidence that the visual approach may be one step in the right direction.
It is important that researchers and software engineers be aware of the
underlying concepts in this new field, and the work which has been done to
date, both the successes and the failures, so that they will be able to
enhance the systems they develop through the appropriate incorporation of
visual elements.


Attendees should come away with an appreciation of the concepts underlying
the design and implementation of visual systems, where the visual approach
has proven successful in the past, what the unresolved issues are at
present and why, where current research in the field is headed, and where
future applications may lie.


The presentation is intended for researchers interested in visual
programming and its implications for other fields, for software engineers
and managers involved in the design, implementation, and utilization of
programming environments, and for casual programmers interested in how
graphics can aid software development. Although no prior knowledge of the
field is required, attendees should have programming experience at the
level of an upper-class undergraduate science or engineering major.


Ephraim P. Glinert is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Together with his graduate students, he
has designed and implemented a variety of visual environments, including
the Pict, SunPict, PC-Tiles and C2 (for procedural programming), Novis
(for parallel/distributed programming), and a Large Font Virtual Terminal
Interface and graphics library for Oocade (a CAD system for VLSI design).
He has lectured widely both in the U.S. and abroad, organized/ presented
tutorials at numerous conferences, and is the editor of a two-volume
tutorial on visual programming environments (IEEE CS Press, 1990). He is
currently Chair of ACM's Special Interest Group for Computers and the
Physically Handicapped.


--------------------------------------------
TUTORIAL 2: Lessons Learned in VPLs: An In-Depth Look at Form-Based
Programming Languages
Allen Ambler, University of Kansas
Margaret Burnett, Michigan Technological Univ.
2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, September 15


Consider a form whose entries are expressions which produce numeric,
textual, graphical, or even animated values. Modern form-based visual
languages include not only innovative refinements in traditionally strong
arenas for form-based programming such as numerical and matrix problems,
but also such surprising areas as user-interfaces, graphics, animation,
image-processing, user-defined types, and event-handling.


This tutorial presents an in-depth look at modern form-based visual
programming, focusing on design issues, lessons learned, and future
directions. An understanding of the fundamentals of programming languages
is assumed. No prior knowledge of visual programming is necessary.


Topics will include:
* Examples of visual programming languages which use this approach to
solve a variety of problems.
* Behind form-based languages: ensuring that solutions exist,
evaluation strategies, representation issues.
* Advanced form-based programming: abstraction, layered
visibility, generality, graphics, event programming.


Allen L. Ambler is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at the
University of Kansas. He has led the visual programming languages design
group at the University of Kansas in the design and implementation of the
visual programming languages Forms, Forms/2, Forms/3, and PT, and is
currently working on a visual programming approach to scientific
visualization. His research interests include visual programming
languages, programming language design, programming paradigms, and
scientific visualization.


Margaret M. Burnett is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at
Michigan Technological University. Burnett received her Ph.D. with honors
from the University of Kansas in 1991. In her dissertation, Dr. Burnett
developed approaches to several subproblems associated with using visual
programming languages for realistic programming. Her research interests
include visual programming languages, programming languages and paradigms,
object-oriented programming, and functional programming languages.


**********************************************
TRACK II: Advanced Technologies
In this track, alternative technologies with potential importance in
the design of future visual languages will be explored.


-------------------------------------
TUTORIAL 3: Automating the Design of Effective Graphics
Steven Feiner, Columbia University
Jock Mackinlay, Xerox PARC
Joe Marks, Digital Equipment Corporation
9:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon, Tuesday, September 15


The notion of a linguistically articulate computer system (one that can
compose natural-language utterances to communicate information to a user)
is the ultimate goal of research in natural-language generation. This
tutorial will survey the complementary notion of a graphically articulate
computer systemPone that can design effective graphics automatically. We
will provide a broad overview of existing research on graphically
articulate systems, introducing major themes and techniques in the
automated and semi-automated design of graphics. Three case studies will
describe selected 2D and 3D research systems. We will conclude with a
discussion of possible near-term commercial applications.


Steven Feiner is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Columbia
University. He has a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Brown University.
Prof. Feiner's research interests include computer graphics,
knowledge-based picture generation, animation, user interfaces, virtual
worlds, visual languages, hypermedia, and visualization. He is coauthor
of Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (Addison-Wesley, 1990), and
is on the editorial boards of Electronic Publishing and ACM Transactions
on Information Systems. In 1991 he received an Office of Naval Research
Young Investigator Award.


Jock Mackinlay received a Ph.D. in 1986 from Stanford University Computer
Science Department for a dissertation on the automatic design of graphical
presentations of relational information. He then joined Xerox PARC and is
a member of the User Interface Research group. He has extended his
dissertation to the design of user interfaces and input devices, and has
published on 3D animated user interfaces. He has been on the program
committees of both SIGGRAPH and CHI, was program chair of UIST '91, and
has lectured on Documentation Graphics in SIGGRAPH and CHI courses.


Joe Marks joined the research staff at Digital Equipment Corporation's
Cambridge Research Laboratory after receiving his Ph.D. in Computer
Science from Harvard University in 1991. Prior to his graduate studies,
he was employed at BBN Laboratories and at Wang Laboratories. His
research interests include computer graphics, artificial intelligence,
intelligent user interfaces, automated cartography, automated modeling for
3D graphics, and molecular structure prediction. In addition to his
research activities, he has taught several semester-long courses at
Harvard College and Harvard Extension School.


---------------------------------------
TUTORIAL 4: Virtual Reality and Experiential Computation
William Bricken, University of Washington
2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m., Tuesday, September 15


Virtual reality is a computer generated, multi-dimensional, inclusive
environment which can be accepted by a participant as cognitively valid.
VR provides the opportunity for experiential computation, for direct
participation in formal systems. We'll discuss participatory systems with
natural semantics (architectural databases, terrain models, physical
simulation) and systems with abstract structure (logic, algebra).


The tutorial will cover the essential characteristics of VR: the
philosophy and mathematics of inclusion, natural interaction as opposed to
symbolic mediation, multisensory display, multi-dimensional environments,
and the sense of presence. The focus will be on the software
infrastructure and tools for maintaining virtual environments, including:
the Virtual Environment Operating System (VEOS), entity management,
objects, spaces, and abstractions, the Wand, the Virtual Body, multiple
participants and inconsistency maintenance, editing and interaction
techniques, and design of virtual worlds.


Applications to be discussed include world building by high school
students, design and maintenance of aircraft, teleconferencing and
cooperative work, and experiential mathematics. The tutorial will close
with consideration of the issues and implications of VR for participants
and for social institutions.


William Bricken is the Principal Scientist at the Human Interface
Technology Lab at the University of Washington, where he is designing and
implementing the Virtual Environment Operating System and the interactive
tools of the VR environment. His prior positions include Director of the
Autodesk Research Lab, which developed the Cyberspace CAD application of
virtual reality, and Principal Scientist at ADS, where he pioneered
high-performance inference engines, visual programming systems, and
instructable interfaces. Dr. Bricken holds a multidisciplinary PhD in
Research Methodology, Education, Computer Science, and Psychology from
Stanford, and degrees in Statistics (MS Stanford), Education (DipEd,
Monash Australia), and Social Psychology (BA, UCLA). He is the developer
of Boundary Mathematics, a reworking of the foundations of mathematics
using spatial representations, which provides experiential interaction
with formal systems, spatial parallelism, void-based computation, and a
family of visual languages.




*********************************************************


WORKSHOP PROGRAM


TUESDAY, September 15, 1992


8:00 pm Reception




WEDNESDAY, September 16, 1992


8:30 Registration, Coffee


9:00 General Chair's Welcome
                T. Ichikawa


9:10 Program Chair's Welcome


9:15 Keynote Address: See What I Mean: Intention and Visual Language
Steven Feiner, Columbia University


10:00 Coffee Break


10:20 Program Visualization
(Chair: M. Brown)
Understanding and Characterizing Software Visualization Systems
J. Stasko, C. Patterson, Georgia Inst. of Tech.
Interactive Animation of Fault Tolerant Parallel Algorithms
S.W. Apgar, Brown Univ.
Abstraction in Algorithm Animation
G-C. Roman, K. Cox, Washington Univ.
AACE: Algorithm Animation for Computer
Science Education
P. Gloor, MIT


12:00 Lunch


Parallel Sessions:
1:30 Panel on Program Visualization
(Co-Moderators: C. Roman and J. Stasko)


1:30 Theory of Visual Languages
(Chair: T. Ichikawa)
A Declarative Approach to Event-Handling in Visual Programming
Languages
M.M. Burnett, Mich. Tech. Univ.; A. Ambler, Univ. of Kansas
Pictures Depicting Pictures: On the Specification of Visual
Languages by Visual Grammars
B. Meyer, FernUni Hagen
HI-VISUAL for Hierarchical Development of Large Programs
T. Ichikawa, M. Kado, M. Hirakawa, Hiroshima Univ.


2:45 Coffee Break


3:00 Languages for Virtual Reality
Spatial Representation of Elementary Algebra
W. Bricken, Univ. of Washington


Panel on Virtual Reality (Moderator: W. Bricken)
Virtual Reality in Educational Technology
W. Winn, Univ. of Washington, School of Education
Interactive Languages for Virtual Reality
C. Esposito, Boeing Computer Services
Information Navigation in Virtual Reality
W. Horn, CEO Information Mapping
Virtual Interfaces
T. Furness, Univ. of Washington, School of Engineering


4:15 Tour of the Human Interface Technology Laboratory


6:00 Break


          Free Evening




THURSDAY, September 17, 1992


8:30 Coffee


9:00 Language Issues in Multimedia (Chair: R. MacNeil)
Dominoes and Storyboards: Beyond 'Icons on Strings'
H. Lieberman, MIT


9:45 Plenary Poster Overview I,
(Chair: D. Stotts)
Tidy Animations of Tree Algorithms
J.T. Stasko, C.R. Turner, Georgia Inst. of Tech.
Animation for on-line documents -- an end-user system using
object-oriented constraints
A. Salpeter, M. Sasakura, K. Iwama, Advanced Software Tech. &
Mechatronics Research Institute
An Application Programmer's Interface for a Diagram Server
G. Santucci, Univ. di Roma; P.A. Sottile, Gesi Gestione Systemi
Ligua Graphica: A Language for Virtual Environments
R. Stiles, M. Pontecorvo, Lockheed AI Center
A Spatio-Temporal Logic for Image Sequence Coding and Parsing
A. Del Bimbo, E. Vicario, D. Zingoini, Faculto di Ingegneria
Visual Programming Abstractions for Interactive Multimedia
Presentation Authoring
J.F. Koegel, J.L. Rutledge, J. Heines, UMass-Lowell
A Formal Approach to Visual Proving Based on Logic Programming
M. Hagiya, Kyoto Univ.
HIRG: A Model for Defining Hierarchical Visual Languages
S. El-Kassas, Eindhoven Univ. of Tech.
The conversion of diagrams to knowledge bases
R.P. Futrelle, Northeastern Univ.
Towards Interactive Pen Input of Visual Languages
S. Dunne, Univ. of Western Ontario


10:25 Coffee Break/Poster Session


Parallel Sessions:
11:30 Panel on The Impact of New Technology on Visual Communication
(Moderator and panelists to be announced)


11:30 2-D Layout and Constraints
(Chair: A. Borning)
Graphic Object Layout with Interactive Genetic Algorithms
T. Masui, Sharp Corp.
Graphical Constraints in Codraw
M.D. Gross, Univ. of Colorado
Layout-by-Example: A Fuzzy Visual Language for Specifying
Stereotypes of Diagram Layout
K. Sugihara, K. Takedo, Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa; K. Yamamoto,
KCS Corp.
Creating Visual Objects by Direct Manipulation
T. Tonouchi, K. Nakayama, S. Matsuoka, S. Kawai, Univ. of Tokyo


12:15 Lunch


Parallel Sessions
1:30 Visual Languages and the Handicapped (Chair: S.-K. Chang)
Visual Translation: From Native Language to Sign Language
T. Kunii, J. Lee, Univ. of Tokyo
A Methodology for Iconic Language Design with Application to
Augmentative Communication
S.-K. Chang, G. Costagliola, S. Orefice, G. Polese, Univ. of
Pittsburgh; B.R. Baker, Semantic Compaction Corp.


          Discussion: How can visual languages help the handicapped?
Moderator: S.-K. Chang, Univ. of Pittsburgh
Discussants: T. Kunii, Univ. of Tokyo; B. Bakers, Semantic
Corp.; E. Glinert, RPI, C. Kushler, Prentke Romich Co.


1:30 Implementations and Applications
The Iconic Interface for the Pictoral C Language
V. DiGesu, D. Tegolo, Univ. of Palermo
Hyperflow: A Visual Programming Language for Pen Computers
T.D. Kimura, Washington Univ.
VVDHL: A Visual Hardware Description Language
E. Golin, R. Miller-Karlow, Univ. of Illinois


          Discussion


3:00 Break


  3:30 Visit to Pioneer Square


  5:30 Walk to boat dock at Seattle Waterfront


  6:00 Boat departs for harbor tour and Blake Island


  7:00 Native-style salmon barbeque at Tillicum Village


10:30 Bus leaves dock for hotels and dormitories


11:00 Arrival at hotels and dormitories




FRIDAY, September 18, 1992


8:30 Coffee


9:00 Visual Languages and Software Engineering (Chair: E. Glinert)
An International Visual Language
W.V. Citrin, K. Sulliman, Univ. of Colorado
Whorf: A Visualization Tool for Software Maintenance
E. Solloway, K. Brade, M. Guzdial, M. Streckel, Univ. of Michigan
VisaVis -- Contributions to practice and theory of highly
interactive visual languages
J. Poswig, K. Teves, G. Vrankar, C. Moraga, Univ. of Dortmund
Visual Tools for Generating Iconic Programming Environments
E. Glinert, D. McIntyre, Renssalaer Poly. Institute


10:00 Poster overviews
A Characteristic Framework for Visual Languages
J.D. McWhirter, G. Nutt, Univ. of Colorado
An Execution Model for Demonstration-Based Visual Languages
W.V. Citrin, Univ. of Colorado
Plastic Visual Tools
P. Bottoni, N. Bianchi, P. Mussio, M. Protti, Univ. di Milano
KJ-EDITOR: A Card-Handling Tool for Requirements Analysis and Design
H. Ohiwa, et al., Toyohashi Univ. of Tech.
Visual Author Languages for Computer-Aided Learning
M.A. Bell, D. Jackson, Univ. of Liverpool
A Model of Human Approach to Describing Algorithms Using Diagrams
A. Radiya, Wichita State Univ.; V. Radiya, Ohio State Univ.
Blush and Zebrackets: Two Schemes for Typographical
Representations of Nested Associativity
M. Cohen, NTT Human Interface Lab
Boundary Algebra
J. James, W. Bricken, Univ. of Washington
A Prototype Implementation of the CUBE Language
M.A. Najork, S.M. Kaplan, Univ. of Illinois
Semiformal Visual Languages, A Case Study
B. Ibrahim, Univ. of Geneva
A Layout Tool for Glotos
J. Song, Univ. of York, Heslington


10:30 Coffee Break/Poster Session


12:30 Lunch


Parallel Sessions:
2:00 Visual Environments and Image Processing (Chair: L. Shapiro)
MAVIS: A Visual Environment for Active Computer Vision
T.J. Olson, N.G. Klop, M.R. Hyett, S.M. Carnell, Univ. of Virginia
An Implementation of the VIVA Visual Language
        on the NeXT Computer
J. Birchman, S. Tanimoto, Univ. of Washington
Using 3D Spatial Relationships for Image Retrieval by Contents
A. Del Bimbo, M. Campanai, P. Nesi, Faculto di Ingegneria


          Discussion on Visual Environments for Visual Information


2:00 2-D Syntax (Chair: J. Pfeiffer)
Earley-style Parsing for Relational Grammars
K. Wittenburg, Bellcore
Parsing Graphs Representing Two Dimensional Figures
J. Pfeiffer, New Mexico State Univ.
A 2D Syntax-Driven Editor for Visual Languages Systems
S.-K. Chang, G. Costogliola, Univ. of Pittsburgh; S. Orefice,
G. Polese, M. Tucci, G. Tortora, Univ. di Salerno


          Discussion on Syntax in Visual Languages


3:30 Coffee


4:00 Panel on the Future of Visual Languages (Moderator: S. Levialdi)


5:00 Farewell Reception


6:00 Close of Workshop


************************************************************
General Information


Hotel Information
---------------------
We will be using two hotels and university housing for the conference.
All conference events will take place at the University of Washington
campus. Please contact the hotel or University Housing Services directly
to make your reservations; be sure to identify yourself with the "UW --
VL'92" conference to receive noted rates. If you are planning on using
university housing, please fill out the enclosed reservation form and
return directly to housing services. The quoted rates will apply for the
period September 14 - 18. Reservations must be made by August 13, 1992 to
guarantee noted rates. Reservations received after the contracted block
of rooms is full or after the cut-off date of August 13 are subject to
space availability.


Meany Tower Hotel
4507 Brooklyn Avenue NE (50 rooms
Seattle, WA 98195 reserved)
Reservations: 800-648-6440


single $78.00
double $90/$94.00




University Plaza Hotel
400 NE 45th Street (20 rooms
Seattle, WA 98195 reserved)
Reservations: 206/634-0100


single $65.00
double $70.00




UW Housing Services
Conference Housing, GH-10
Seattle, WA 98195
Reservations: 206/543-7636


single $80.41
double $57.91
(Prices listed are per person; return reservation form directly to
Conference Housing Reservations. The housing registration form is in
preparation and will be distributed soon.)




Registration
----------------
The advance registration form is included below. Also, a registration
desk will be set up during the conference. It will be open from 7:00-9:00
pm on Tuesday, September 15th at the reception (on McMahon Hall patio) and
during the sessions outside of the lecture rooms in Savery Hall.




Access to Conference Site
----------------------------
All conference meeting events will take place on the University of
Washington campus. On Tuesday, the tutorials will be held in the Husky
Union Building; the workshop sessions will be held in Savery Hall on
Wednesday - Friday. Both hotels are within walking distance. The Meany
Tower Hotel is located two (2) blocks from campus. The University Plaza
Hotel is located approximately ten (10) from campus.




Transportation
----------------
>From the SeaTac Airport, take the ShuttleExpress to the hotel or campus
housing. This is cheaper than a taxi and will drop you off directly at
your desired location. To contact a ShuttleExpress, press #48 on a
reservation center phone located in the baggage claim area. Travel time
is approximately 25 minutes.




Airline Reservations
----------------------
Arrangements have been made with United Airlines for special discounted
fares for attendees of VL'92. For more details and the best deal
regardless of your choice of carrier, please contact:


Birkmayer Travel, Inc.
2 Third Street
Troy, NY 12180
800/338-5735 [within the United States]
518/272-2650 [within New York]
518/272-7257 [fax]




Information about Seattle
-----------------------------
Points of interest within Seattle include the Pike Place Market, Pioneer
Square, Seattle Center, the Woodland Park Zoo, and the waterfront area
which includes the Seattle Aquarium. These areas can be reached by public
transportation from the campus and hotels. Within a two to three hour
driving distance from Seattle are three national parks: Olympics National
Park, North Cascades National Park, and Mount Rainier National Park. The
workshop will include a boat trip on Puget Sound to Blake Island.




Climate
----------
Daytime temperatures in mid-September are expected to be in the upper 60s,
and nighttime temperatures in the low 60s. Rain is possible but unlikely.




Receptions
--------------
There will be an opening reception for all conference participants at 8:00
pm on Tuesday, September 15 on the patio at McMahon Hall. A closing
reception will be held at 5:00 pm on Friday, September 18 in the Walker
Ames Room. Wine and beer will be served at both receptions.




Trip to Blake Island
------------------------
There will be a harbor cruise to Blake Island on Thursday evening.
Conference participants are invited to attend an evening that features an
Indian baked salmon dinner and Northwest Coast native dance program.
Additional tickets for spouses and guests may be purchased for $45.




Further Information
----------------------
For further information, contact Kay Beck, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 at
206/685-3796 or by email at (kbeck@cs.washington.edu).




***************************************************************
VL '92 Registration Form


Category Early Late Registration
Registration (after August 15)
Conference:
IEEE members $265 $330
Non members $350 $440
Full-time Student $120 $150
Tutorials:
      IEEE members $ 95 $115
      Non members $120 $145


Registration fee includes admission to: technical sessions, welcome
reception, boat trip to Blake Island and salmon barbeque, closing
reception, coffee breaks, and bound proceedings.


Student registration fee includes admission to: technical sessions, both
receptions, coffee breaks, and bound proceedings.


Check desired tutorials:
    Tutorial 1 ____
    Tutorial 2 ____
    Tutorial 3 ____
    Tutorial 4 ____


Number _____ of add'l boat trip/barbeque tickets @$45 each


    Name__________________________________________


    Affiliation______________________________________


    Address_________________________________________


    _______________________________________________


    Phone_________________IEEE Member #____________


    E-Mail_________________________________________


Fill out the above registration form and mail with check or major
credit card (no American Express) authorization to:


VL'92 c/o Kay Beck
Dept. of CSE -- FR-35
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195


Credit card company________________________________


Card number______________________________________


Expiration date____________________________________


Signature________________________________________
--

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